diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index d39ec08..4b615b6 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@ add_custom_command(
     COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/res ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/res
     COMMENT "Copying Resources")
 
-add_executable(vis src/main.cpp)
+add_executable(vis
+    src/main.cpp
+    src/gl/debug.hpp
+    src/gl/shader.hpp
+    src/gl/buffer.hpp
+    src/gl/vertexarray.hpp
+    src/gl/types.hpp)
 target_link_libraries(vis glfw glad imgui eigen nlohmann_json)
 add_dependencies(vis resources)
 
diff --git a/src/gl/buffer.hpp b/src/gl/buffer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3771443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gl/buffer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+template<typename T_>
+class Buffer {
+public:
+    using Type = T_;
+
+private:
+    GLuint id = 0;
+
+public:
+    Buffer() {
+        glCreateBuffers(1, &id);
+    }
+
+    Buffer(Buffer&& o) noexcept {
+        id = std::exchange(o.id, 0);
+    }
+
+    Buffer(const Buffer&) = delete;  // this is doable, but would be slow.
+
+    operator GLuint() const { // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    template<typename RandomIt>
+    GLuint upload(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, GLenum mode = GL_STATIC_DRAW) {
+        size_t count = last - first;
+
+        // todo StaticBuffer that uses BufferStorage
+        glNamedBufferData(id, sizeof(Type) * count, nullptr, mode);
+
+        Type* out = (Type*) glMapNamedBuffer(id, GL_WRITE_ONLY);
+        std::copy(first, last, out);
+        glUnmapNamedBuffer(id);
+
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    ~Buffer() {
+        // delete silently ignores 0.
+        glDeleteBuffers(1, &id);
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/gldebug.hpp b/src/gl/debug.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/gldebug.hpp
rename to src/gl/debug.hpp
diff --git a/src/gl/shader.hpp b/src/gl/shader.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70111fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gl/shader.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+template<GLenum mode>
+class Shader {
+public:
+private:
+    GLuint id = 0;
+
+public:
+    explicit Shader(const std::string &src) {
+        id = glCreateShader(mode);
+
+        const char *str = src.c_str();
+        glShaderSource(id, 1, &str, nullptr);
+        glCompileShader(id);
+
+        // todo throw if compile failed
+    }
+
+    explicit Shader(std::ifstream source)
+        : Shader(std::string(
+        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(source),
+        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
+    )) {}
+
+    Shader(const Shader &) = delete;
+
+    Shader(Shader &&o) noexcept {
+        id = std::exchange(o.id, 0);
+    }
+
+    ~Shader() {
+        glDeleteShader(id);
+    }
+
+    operator GLuint() const { // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+        return id;
+    }
+};
+
+using VertexShader = Shader<GL_VERTEX_SHADER>;
+using FragmentShader = Shader<GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER>;
+
+class Program {
+private:
+    GLuint id = 0;
+
+public:
+    template<GLenum ...mode>
+    explicit Program(const Shader<mode> &...shader) {
+        id = glCreateProgram();
+
+        (glAttachShader(id, shader), ...);
+
+        glLinkProgram(id);
+
+        // todo throw if link failed
+    }
+
+    Program(const Program &) = delete;
+
+    Program(Program &&o) noexcept {
+        id = std::exchange(o.id, 0);
+    }
+
+    ~Program() {
+        glDeleteProgram(id);
+    }
+
+    operator GLuint() const { // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+        return id;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/gl/types.hpp b/src/gl/types.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7149868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gl/types.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+#include <Eigen/Eigen>
+
+template<class T_>
+struct Buffer;
+
+template<class ...Fmt_>
+struct VertexArray;
+
+
+template<typename ctype, GLenum type, GLint size, GLuint offset = 0, GLboolean norm = GL_FALSE>
+struct Format {
+    using CType = ctype;
+    static constexpr GLenum Type = type;
+    static constexpr GLint Size = size;
+    static constexpr GLuint Offset = offset;
+    static constexpr GLboolean Norm = norm;
+
+    template<typename ctype_, GLint size_>
+    using As = Format<ctype_, type, size_, offset, norm>;
+
+    static inline constexpr void apply(GLuint vao, GLuint idx) {
+        glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vao, idx);
+        glVertexArrayAttribFormat(vao, idx, size, type, norm, offset);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename ctype, GLenum type, GLint size, GLuint offset = 0>
+struct IFormat {
+    using CType = ctype;
+    static constexpr GLenum Type = type;
+    static constexpr GLint Size = size;
+    static constexpr GLuint Offset = offset;
+
+    template<typename ctype_, GLint size_>
+    using As = IFormat<ctype_, type, size_, offset>;
+
+    static inline constexpr void apply(GLuint vao, GLuint idx) {
+        glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vao, idx);
+        glVertexArrayAttribIFormat(vao, idx, size, type, offset);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename ctype, GLenum type, GLint size, GLuint offset = 0>
+struct LFormat {
+    using CType = ctype;
+    static constexpr GLenum Type = type;
+    static constexpr GLint Size = size;
+    static constexpr GLuint Offset = offset;
+
+    template<typename ctype_, GLint size_>
+    using As = LFormat<ctype_, type, size_, offset>;
+
+    static inline constexpr void apply(GLuint vao, GLuint idx) {
+        glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vao, idx);
+        glVertexArrayAttribLFormat(vao, idx, size, type, offset);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename Fmt_>
+struct AutoFormat {
+    using Fmt = Fmt_;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct AutoFormat<double> {
+    using Fmt = LFormat<double, GL_DOUBLE, 1>;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct AutoFormat<float> {
+    using Fmt = Format<float, GL_FLOAT, 1>;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct AutoFormat<int> {
+    using Fmt = IFormat<int, GL_INT, 1>;
+};
+
+template<typename Scalar, int Dim>
+struct AutoFormat<Eigen::Vector<Scalar, Dim>> {
+    static_assert((Dim >= 1) && (Dim <= 4), "Dim must be in range 1-4");
+
+    using Fmt = typename AutoFormat<Scalar>::Fmt::template As<Eigen::Vector<Scalar, Dim>, Dim>;
+};
+
+template<typename Fmt_>
+struct Binder {
+    using CType = typename AutoFormat<Fmt_>::Fmt::CType;
+
+    const GLuint buf;
+    const GLuint offset;
+    const GLuint stride;
+
+    Binder(const Buffer<CType> &buf) // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+        : buf((GLuint) buf), offset(0), stride(sizeof(CType)) {}
+
+    template<typename CType_>
+    Binder(const Buffer<CType_> &buf, GLuint offset)
+        : buf((GLuint) buf), offset(offset), stride(sizeof(CType_)) {}
+
+    Binder(const Binder<Fmt_> &o)
+        : buf(o.buf), offset(o.offset), stride(o.stride) {}
+
+    inline void bind(GLuint vao, GLuint idx) const {
+        glVertexArrayVertexBuffer(vao, idx, buf, offset, stride);
+    }
+};
+
+#define ATTR(buf, field) Binder<decltype(decltype(buf)::Type::field)>(buf, offsetof(decltype(buf)::Type, field))
diff --git a/src/gl/vertexarray.hpp b/src/gl/vertexarray.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b863e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gl/vertexarray.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "buffer.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+template<typename ...Fmt_>
+class VertexArray {
+public:
+    template<size_t idx>
+    using Fmt = std::tuple_element_t<idx, std::tuple<Fmt_...>>;
+
+private:
+    GLuint id = 0;
+
+    template<size_t ...idx>
+    inline void formatall(
+        std::integer_sequence<size_t, idx...>
+    ) {
+        (AutoFormat<Fmt_>::Fmt::apply(id, idx), ...);
+    }
+
+    template<size_t ...idx>
+    inline void bindall(
+        const Binder<Fmt_> &...buf,
+        std::integer_sequence<size_t, idx...>
+    ) {
+        (buf.bind(id, idx), ...);
+    }
+
+public:
+    explicit VertexArray() {
+        glCreateVertexArrays(1, &id);
+        formatall(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Fmt_)>());
+    }
+
+    explicit VertexArray(const Binder<Fmt_> &...buf)
+        : VertexArray() {
+        bind(buf...);
+    }
+
+    VertexArray(VertexArray &&o) noexcept {
+        id = std::exchange(o.id, 0);
+    }
+
+    VertexArray(const VertexArray &) = delete;  // this is doable, but would be slow.
+
+    ~VertexArray() {
+        glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &id);
+    }
+
+    operator GLuint() const { // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    void bind(const Binder<Fmt_> &...buf) {
+        bindall(buf..., std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Fmt_)>());
+    }
+
+    template<size_t idx>
+    void bind(const Binder<Fmt<idx>> &buf) {
+        buf.bind(id, idx);
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/main.cpp b/src/main.cpp
index 0f66dcb..d4fa6e5 100644
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include "gldebug.hpp"
+#include "gl/debug.hpp"
+#include "gl/buffer.hpp"
+#include "gl/shader.hpp"
+#include "gl/vertexarray.hpp"
 
 #include <ml/meshlib.hpp>
 #include <ml/meshlib_json.hpp>
@@ -123,145 +126,54 @@ void set_style() {
 int run(GLFWwindow *window, ImGuiContext *context) {
     State state;
 
+    Buffer<GLuint> ind_buf;
+    Buffer<Eigen::Vector3f> vert_buf;
+    Buffer<Eigen::Vector3f> vert2_buf;
+
+    VertexArray<Eigen::Vector3f> vao(vert_buf);
+    glVertexArrayElementBuffer(vao, ind_buf);
+
     auto mesh = ml::CubeMesh(0.25f);
-//    auto mesh = ml::read("circle.pak");
 
-    auto dynamic = (ml::DynamicMesh) mesh;
+    auto ind_data = mesh.cells();
+    auto ind_flat = ind_data.reshaped();
+    auto elements = ind_buf.upload(ind_flat.begin(), ind_flat.end(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-    GLuint vao;
-    glCreateVertexArrays(1, &vao);
+    // todo add <Dim, Rank> to DynamicMesh
+    // need to do weird piping because dynamicmesh returns dynamic-sized matrix, VertexArray requires a static-sized matrix
+    auto vert_data_dyn = mesh.points();
+    Eigen::Ref<Eigen::Matrix3Xf> vert_data(vert_data_dyn);
+    auto vert_flat = vert_data.colwise();
+    vert_buf.upload(vert_flat.begin(), vert_flat.end(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-    GLuint vbo;
-    glCreateBuffers(1, &vbo);
+    auto mesh2 = ml::CubeMesh(0.5f);
+    auto vert2_data_dyn = mesh2.points();
+    Eigen::Ref<Eigen::Matrix3Xf> vert2_data(vert2_data_dyn);
+    auto vert2_flat = vert2_data.colwise();
+    vert2_buf.upload(vert2_flat.begin(), vert2_flat.end(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-    constexpr size_t point_scalar_size = sizeof(ml::DynamicMesh::PointsType::Scalar);
-    constexpr size_t cell_scalar_size = sizeof(ml::DynamicMesh::CellsType::Scalar);
+    auto mesh4d = ml::WireCubeMesh(4, 0.33f);
 
-    glNamedBufferData(
-        vbo,
-        (GLsizeiptr) (point_scalar_size * dynamic.points().size()),
-        dynamic.points().data(),
-        GL_STATIC_DRAW
-    );
-    glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vao, 0);
-    glVertexArrayVertexBuffer(vao, 0,
-        vbo, 0,
-        (GLsizeiptr) (point_scalar_size * dynamic.points().rows())
-    );
-    glVertexArrayAttribFormat(vao, 0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0);
+    Buffer<GLuint> ind4d_buf;
+    Buffer<Eigen::Vector4f> vert4d_buf;
+    VertexArray<Eigen::Vector4f> vao4d(vert4d_buf);
+    glVertexArrayElementBuffer(vao4d, ind4d_buf);
 
-    GLuint ibo;
-    glCreateBuffers(1, &ibo);
-    glGetError();
-    glNamedBufferData(
-        ibo,
-        (GLsizeiptr) (cell_scalar_size * dynamic.cells().size()),
-        dynamic.cells().data(),
-        GL_STATIC_DRAW
-    );
-    glVertexArrayElementBuffer(vao, ibo);
+    auto ind4d_data = mesh4d.cells();
+    auto ind4d_flat = ind4d_data.reshaped();
+    auto elements4d = ind4d_buf.upload(ind4d_flat.begin(), ind4d_flat.end(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-    auto wire_mesh = ml::WireCubeMesh(4, 0.33f);
-    auto wire_dynamic = (ml::DynamicMesh) wire_mesh;
+    auto vert4d_data_dyn = mesh4d.points();
+    Eigen::Ref<Eigen::Matrix4Xf> vert4d_data(vert4d_data_dyn);
+    auto vert4d_flat = vert4d_data.colwise();
+    vert4d_buf.upload(vert4d_flat.begin(), vert4d_flat.end(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
-    GLuint wire_vao;
-    glCreateVertexArrays(1, &wire_vao);
+    VertexShader vs(std::ifstream("res/shaders/main.vert.glsl"));
+    VertexShader vs4d(std::ifstream("res/shaders/4d.vert.glsl"));
+    FragmentShader fs(std::ifstream("res/shaders/main.frag.glsl"));
 
-    GLuint wire_vbo;
-    glCreateBuffers(1, &wire_vbo);
-
-    glNamedBufferData(
-        wire_vbo,
-        (GLsizeiptr) (point_scalar_size * wire_dynamic.points().size()),
-        wire_dynamic.points().data(),
-        GL_STATIC_DRAW
-    );
-    glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(wire_vao, 0);
-    glVertexArrayVertexBuffer(wire_vao, 0,
-                              wire_vbo, 0,
-                              (GLsizeiptr) (point_scalar_size * wire_dynamic.points().rows())
-    );
-    glVertexArrayAttribFormat(wire_vao, 0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0);
-
-    GLuint wire_ibo;
-    glCreateBuffers(1, &wire_ibo);
-    glGetError();
-    glNamedBufferData(
-        wire_ibo,
-        (GLsizeiptr) (cell_scalar_size * wire_dynamic.cells().size()),
-        wire_dynamic.cells().data(),
-        GL_STATIC_DRAW
-    );
-    glVertexArrayElementBuffer(wire_vao, wire_ibo);
-
-    std::ifstream vs_file("res/shaders/main.vert.glsl");
-    std::string vs_src(
-        (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(vs_file)),
-        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
-    );
-    vs_file.close();
-    const char *vs_str = vs_src.c_str();
-
-    GLuint vs = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
-    glShaderSource(vs, 1, &vs_str, nullptr);
-    glCompileShader(vs);
-
-    std::ifstream wire_vs_file("res/shaders/4d.vert.glsl");
-    std::string wire_vs_src(
-        (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(wire_vs_file)),
-        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
-    );
-    wire_vs_file.close();
-    const char *wire_vs_str = wire_vs_src.c_str();
-
-    GLuint wire_vs = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
-    glShaderSource(wire_vs, 1, &wire_vs_str, nullptr);
-    glCompileShader(wire_vs);
-
-    std::ifstream fs_file("res/shaders/main.frag.glsl");
-    std::string fs_src(
-        (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(fs_file)),
-        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
-    );
-    fs_file.close();
-    const char *fs_str = fs_src.c_str();
-
-    GLuint fs = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
-    glShaderSource(fs, 1, &fs_str, nullptr);
-    glCompileShader(fs);
-
-    GLuint pgm = glCreateProgram();
-    glAttachShader(pgm, vs);
-    glAttachShader(pgm, fs);
-    glLinkProgram(pgm);
-
-    GLuint wire_pgm = glCreateProgram();
-    glAttachShader(wire_pgm, wire_vs);
-    glAttachShader(wire_pgm, fs);
-    glLinkProgram(wire_pgm);
-
-    GLint link_status;
-    glGetProgramiv(pgm, GL_LINK_STATUS, &link_status);
-    if (!link_status) {
-        std::cerr << "Program link failed." << std::endl;
-        GLint vs_comp_status, fs_comp_status;
-        glGetShaderiv(vs, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &vs_comp_status);
-        glGetShaderiv(fs, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &fs_comp_status);
-        std::cerr << "vs compiled: " << std::boolalpha << (bool) vs_comp_status << std::endl;
-        std::cerr << "fs compiled: " << std::boolalpha << (bool) fs_comp_status << std::endl;
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    glGetProgramiv(wire_pgm, GL_LINK_STATUS, &link_status);
-    if (!link_status) {
-        std::cerr << "Wire program link failed." << std::endl;
-        GLint vs_comp_status, fs_comp_status;
-        glGetShaderiv(vs, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &vs_comp_status);
-        glGetShaderiv(fs, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &fs_comp_status);
-        std::cerr << "vs compiled: " << std::boolalpha << (bool) vs_comp_status << std::endl;
-        std::cerr << "fs compiled: " << std::boolalpha << (bool) fs_comp_status << std::endl;
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
+    Program pgm(vs, fs);
+    Program pgm4d(vs4d, fs);
 
     glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 
@@ -291,12 +203,12 @@ int run(GLFWwindow *window, ImGuiContext *context) {
         glUniform1f(1, (GLfloat) glfwGetTime());
         glUniformMatrix4fv(2, 1, false, proj.data());
         glUniformMatrix4fv(3, 1, false, state.rot.data());
-        glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, (GLsizei) dynamic.cells().size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
+        glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, elements, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
         glBindVertexArray(0);
         glUseProgram(0);
 
-        glUseProgram(wire_pgm);
-        glBindVertexArray(wire_vao);
+        glUseProgram(pgm4d);
+        glBindVertexArray(vao4d);
         glUniform4fv(0, 1, state.wf.data());
         glUniform1f(1, (GLfloat) glfwGetTime());
         glUniformMatrix4fv(2, 1, false, proj.data());
@@ -320,8 +232,7 @@ int run(GLFWwindow *window, ImGuiContext *context) {
         }
 
         glUniform4fv(0, 1, state.wf.data());
-        glDrawElements(GL_LINES, (GLsizei) wire_dynamic.cells().size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
-
+        glDrawElements(GL_LINES, elements4d, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
         glBindVertexArray(0);
         glUseProgram(0);
 
@@ -329,14 +240,6 @@ int run(GLFWwindow *window, ImGuiContext *context) {
         glfwSwapBuffers(window);
     }
 
-    glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
-    glDeleteBuffers(1, &ibo);
-    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
-
-    glDeleteBuffers(1, &wire_vbo);
-    glDeleteBuffers(1, &wire_ibo);
-    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &wire_vao);
-
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }